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Dactylorhiza fuchsii
''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'', the common spotted orchid, is a common species of orchid. It is widespread across much of Europe, with the range extending eastward into Siberia, Mongolia and Xinjiang. The species is also reportedly naturalised in the Canadian Province of Ontario.〔(Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families )〕〔(Flora of China v 25 p 116, 紫斑掌裂兰 zi ban zhang lie lan, ''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' (Druce) Soó, Nom. Nov. Gen. Dactylorhiza. 8. 1962. )〕〔Castroviejo, S. & al. (eds.) (2005). Flora Iberica 21: 1-366. Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid.〕〔Griebl, N. (2008). Vorkommen und verbreitung der gattung Dactylorhiza in Österreich. Berichte aus den arbeitskreisen heimische orchideen 25(2): 80-118.〕〔Curtis, T. & Thompson, R. (2009). The orchids of Ireland: 1-160. National Museums of Northern Ireland, Cultra, Holywood.〕〔Vázquez Pardo, F.M. (2009). Revisión de la familia Orchidaceae en Extremadura (España). Folia Botanica Extremadurensis 3: 1-367.〕
''Dactylorhiza fuchsii'' is widely variable in colour and height, ranging from 15 to 60 cm in height. The dense and rich-flowered inflorescence (flower spike), produced in June–August, is at first conical then cylindrical. The flower colour can vary from white to pale purple with purple spots, a symmetrical pattern of dark purple loops or dots and dashes. The lip has three lobes. The bracts are usually shorter than the flower. The lip is smaller than that of the very similar ''Dactylorhiza maculata'' and has three deeper cuts. The middle lobe is more than half as large as a lateral lobe. Some colonies are highly perfumed, attractive to day-flying moths. The leaves are narrow lanceolate, keeled and often dark-spotted.
== Identification ==
The orchids that are most similar belong to the ''Dactylorhiza maculata'' group. ''D. maculata'' ssp. ''maculata'' is distinguished by having the lip less deeply trilobed, while ''D. maculata'' subsp. ''saccifera'' has one spur large and saccular (sac-shaped) and the bracts of the inflorescence as long as or longer than the flowers. Outside of the "maculata group", ''D. majalis'' is very similar to ''D. fuchsii'', but is distinguished by the following characters: the spots of the leaves are less elongated, the bracts of the inflorescence are longer and the lower transcend the inflorescence itself; it tends to be less cylindrical (a little more 'globular'), the stem is hollow (not solid) and the leaves are slightly larger. Other similar orchids are ''D. incarnata'' and ''D. lapponica''. These stand out as the habitat is quite different (fens and bogs) and in any case the stem is hollow.
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